ABSTRACT
Ticks are one of the important external parasites in livestock that can transmit viral, ricketsia and bacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of contamination of the livestock by ixodid ticks and harboring of enterobacteriaceae by the ticks in Amol City. In this descriptive study, we collected the livestock's ticks [cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats] and after fauna identification, they were sent for culture. In this study, 650 ticks were collected which belonged to 8 species. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the most and Rhipicephalus bursa was the least prevalent species. Cattles and buffaloes had the highest tick infestation [38.5%]. The bacteriological results showed that the ticks were infected by 13 bacterial species such as Ecoli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The most and the least prevalent species were Ecoli and Serratia respectively. Considering the high prevalence of ixodid ticks in our study and presence of bacterial infection in hard ticks, appropriate training for stock breeders for improvement of their knowledge of the health problems, stock breeding and common methods of zoonotic disease prevention such as spraying and anti-tick bath, is recommended
ABSTRACT
Regarding to the significant of the possibility of the malaria epidemic and nuisance of mosquitoes during the active season, the fauna and some ecological activities of mosquitoes in related to tree holes were investigated from April to December 2009 in Neka county of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Larval collection was carried out from natural, artificial breeding places, and tree holes inside the forest in Neka County, Mazandaran Province in 2009. In addition, human bait net trap collection was conducted using suction tube several times during this investigation. Four genera and five species were found in tree holes. Anopheles plumbeus, Culiseta annulata Culex pipiens, and Ochlerotatus geniculatus were collected by larval collection whereas, Ochlerotatus pulcritarsis was found by adult collection. Overall Cx.pipiens.44.6%., Oc. Geniculattus 32.6%. An. Plumbeus 22.5% and Cs. annulata 0.3% were collected by larval collection. During the bait net collection five specie were identified including: Oc. Geniculatustts 55.8%. Oc. Echinus 1.33%, Qs.pulcritarsis 8.8%, Cx.pipiens 33.8% and An plumbeus 0.2%. Cs. annulata larvae was detected for the first time with a low abundance in tree cavity. Tree holes were found the main habitat for the species of Oc. geniculatus. The species of Cs. annulata was found in tree holes
ABSTRACT
Culexpipiens complex shows variations in morphological and biological characters including different biological forms and has medical and veterinary importance. Because of having morphological variations, sometimes it is not easy to separate this species from Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. torrenlium. The aim of this study was to identify the Culexpipiens complex species in order to use in control programs in the future. This study was carried out in two randomly selected rural villages in Yazd County, eastern Iran using dipping technique from April to October 2009. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Average of siphon index in fourth-instrar larvae was 3.86 +/- 0.03, the minimum and maximum were calculated 2.43 and 5.14, respectively. Siphon/Saddle index was measured as average, minimum and maximum 3.2 +/- 0.2, 2.78, and 4.42 respectively. In our study, only 4 specimens had single seta 1 on segments III and VI [2.5%] and the remaining beard double seta [97.5%]. The maximum 3-6 branches seta la-S and Ib-S [95%] were observed on siphon. More populations of Culex pipiens from different areas of Iran need to be studied to gain complete information about the taxonomy and ecology of the species in the country
ABSTRACT
In this study, we determine the vector competence of Musca domestica with reference to the transmission of susceptible and resistance bacterial strains in hospitals and slaughter house in Sanandaj City, west Iran. Totally 908 houseflies were collected to isolate bacteria from their external body based on standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar based on recommendations of CLSI [formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards]. From collected houseflies. 366 bacteria species were isolated. The most common isolated bacterium at hospitals was Klebsiella pneumoniae 43.3% [n= 90] followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 37% [n= 77], while that of slaughterhouse was Proteus mirabilis. 29.1% [n= 46] followed by Citrobacter freundii 28.4% [n= 45]. Among all the isolates from hospitals, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline, resistance rates were above 32.5% and gentamicin expressed the highest susceptibility among all the isolates from hospitals. It is worth to note that K. pneumoniae showed 61% and 44.5% resistance to cephalexin and chloramphenicol respectively. Similarly, all isolates from slaughterhouse were more than 28% and 30% resistant to cephalexin and chloramphenicol respectively. Surprisingly, among all the isolates, Citrobacter freundii were highly resistant to gentamicin. Houseflies collected from hospitals and slaughterhouse may be involved in the spread of drug resistant bacteria and may increase the potential of human exposure to drug resistant bacteria